Product information sorted by product type and name type product r number. Significant new alternatives policy snap program us epa. Which of the following refrigerants have the lowest ozone depletion potential odp. Natural refrigerants sustainable ozone and climatefriendly alternatives to hcfcs. Refrigerants r407c and r407a properties, uses, storage.
The following chart shows the ozone depletion potential odp and global warming potential gwp values for common cfcs, hcfcs, and hfcs. The dilemma, therefore, is that some refrigerants cause more ozone depletion than others, but the most ozone friendly refrigerants cause more global warming. The most environment friendly refrigerants that are accessible in the market as of now are r600a and r290. Cfcs are generally characterised by a big odp value, because they contain chlorine, which is accused of heavily contributing to the ozone. In general, all refrigerants are characterised by two numbers. The odp is the ratio of the impact on ozone of a chemical compared to the impact of a similar mass of cfc11. The information set forth herein is furnished free of charge and based on technical data that chemours believes to be reliable. The ozone depletion potential odp is the ratio of the impact on ozone of a chemical compared to the impact of a similar mass of chlorofluorocarbon cfc 11. Research and development roadmap for nextgeneration low global warming potential refrigerants introduction 9 1 introduction 1. Opteon xp10 r5a is a nonozone depleting, low global warming potential gwp hydrofluoroolefin hfo based refrigerant developed to replace r4a in positive displacement, direct expansion, mediumtemperature commercial and industrial chillers, as well as flooded andor centrifugal chillers.
Graph showing the ozone depletion potential odp, or potential damage that each substance could cause to the ozone layer, relative to the chlorofluorocarbon, cfc11. Which refrigerant has the highest ozone depleting potential odp. Changing refrigerants and why it matters to you hvac school. R404a began seeing usage in 1996 after the phase out of cfc r502 due to its ozone depletion potential.
Since 2010, phaseout regulations became effective in other countries as well, for instance in the usa. One chlorine atom has the potential to destroy more than 100,000 ozone molecules. Although these refrigerants have no ozone depletion potential, they have a negative impact on global warming when these refrigerants leak to. Find out information about ozone depletion potential. Choice of natural refrigerants makes no net addition of the greenhouse gases ghg in the environment.
Ozone depletion potential odp of a chemical compound is the relative amount of degradation it can cause to the ozone layerglobal warming potential gwp is a measure of how much a given mass of a gas contributes to global warming. A continuing search for new refrigerants journal article. The environmental impact of refrigerants is measured by two key indicators ozone depletion potential odp and global warming potential gwp. R4a is suitable for use in new equipment and can be used as a retrofit in some r12 and r22 applications with an oil change. Which of the following refrigerants contains chlorine. Cn103059249a preparation method of halogenfree flame. Measurements of chlorine within the antarctic ozone hole from nasas aura satellite. Other refrigerants like r12 and r22 had a lower odp than r11 but still had the potential for ozone depletion. This information is also available in a full pdf download in the cost of leed v4 report.
Enhanced refrigerant management and leednc v4 ea credit 6. Refrigerants r454c r455a r1234yf ozone potential depletion odp following en3781 version 2016 0 0 0 global warning potential gwp. Add r427a, with an initial charge of 95% of the original weight. The regulation for the management of high global warming potential refrigerants for stationary sources carb.
Different substances break down ozone more rapidly than others. Linde strongly advocates the use of refrigerant gases with zero ozone depletion. Common refrigerants and their ozone depletion potential odp and global warming potential gwp are indicated below. Pdf refrigerant types, issues, trends and future options. They are hc or hydrocarbons, and their synthetic names are isobutane for r600a and propane for r290. Ozone depletion potential article about ozone depletion. Ozone depleting substances refrigerant reclaim australia. The montreal protocol unep, 1997 states the phasing out of cfcs and hcfcs as.
R12 was completely phased out due to its ozone depleting potential odp 1 and global warming potential gwp 0. Ozone depletion and global warming overview page 1 of 5. This is measured by their ozone depletion potential odp. A viable lowgwp candidate must possess a number of other attributes 6, including zero or very low ozone depletion potential, chemical stability within the refrigeration system, thermodynamic. Ozone depletion potential of different refrigerants. R4a is widely used in automotive air conditioning and residential, commercial and industrial refrigeration systems, but also as a blowing agent for rigid foam insulation materials production.
R111, 2 global warming potential 100 year, ipcc 4th assessment report, 2007. They are totally halogen free, have no ozone exhaustion potential and are minimal in terms of global warming effects. Hydrocarbons and ammonia are the least problematic refrigerants with respect to the three environmental properties. R404a is a ternary refrigerant blend consisting of the hfc r125 fortyfour percent, hfc r143a fiftytwo percent, and hfc r4a four percent.
The other hydrocarbons were all between five and zero. This is the process of ozone depletion and has already caused a substantial amount of damage to the ozone layer. Ozone depletion potential odp of a chemical compound is the relative amount of degradation it can cause to the ozone layer. The following is a list of refrigerants with their typeprefix, ashrae designated numbers, iupac chemical name, molecular formula, cas registry number blend name, atmospheric lifetime in years, semiempirical ozone depletion potential, net global warming potential over a 100year time horizon, occupational exposure limitpermissible exposure. Pdf the use of natural refrigerants in refrigeration and. Ozone depletion potential of different refrigerants and their solution. Ozone depletion potential is measured relative to cfc11 and it represents the amount of ozone destroyed by emission of a vapor over its entire atmospheric lifetime relative to that caused by the emission of the same mass of cfc11. Ozonedepleting substances ozone layer protection us epa. Limited options for lowglobalwarmingpotential refrigerants. In order to reduce the depletion of ozone and reverse the climate change effects, the european union legislation 2014 and paris accord 2016 are strongly emphasizing the phasing out of the use of harmful synthetic refrigerants. Refrigerant recovery and recycling epaapproved section 609 program for motor vehicle air conditioning mvac service now with r1234yf this booklet is distributed free of charge and is not to be sold.
Refrigerants can thus also be ranked according to their impact on the stratospheric ozone layer the ozone depletion potential, odp or as greenhouse gases the global warming potential, gwp. Ozone layer depletion odp and global warming potential gwp have become one of the most important global issues. The ozone depletion potential odp of a chemical compound is the theoretical relative degradation that this compound inflicts on the ozone layer, by the destruction of ozone in the upper atmosphere. Products that normally contain ozone depleting substances should be replaced with functionally similar products that contain non ozone depleting substances. Non ozone depleting substances ods do not deplete the earths protective ozone layer. Linde strongly advocates the use of refrigerant gases with zero ozone depletion potential and fully supports the phase out of hcfcs. Odp values are used to provide a simple way to compare the relative ability of various ods to destroy stratospheric ozone. R427a like other gases such as r407c is a zeotrope. Environmental drivers there are two factors important to the discussion of the environmental impact of refrigerants.
Non ozone depleting and low global warming potential refrigerants for low temperature refrigeration. Ozone depletion potential an overview sciencedirect topics. Global warming potential gwp is a measure of how much a given mass of a gas contributes to global. Supplement 16 environmental management of refrigeration. This table provides up to date internationally recognised data on the ozone depletion potential and global warming potential of the gases, as well as an easy reference summary of their impact. Over the decades, various chemicals have been used as refrigerants. Cfc 11, or r11 has the maximum potential amongst chlorocarbons because of the presence of three chlorine atoms in the molecule. Ozone depletion potential odp and global warming potential gwp. Which of the following refrigerants has the lowest global warming potential. Global warming potential vs ozone depletion potential.
If the refrigerant is less efficient than r4a or r410a, the lower efficiency chiller will contribute more to global warming through higher energy usage, leading to increased carbon emissions. Refrigerants for commercial refrigeration applications. Us9023231b2 non ozone depleting and low global warming. Nonozone depleting substances ods do not deplete the earths protective ozone layer. The odp of chemicals is the measure of how much it causes the ozone layer to degrade as compared to trichlorofluoromethane cfc11, which has a. R4a tetrafluoroethane is an environmental non ozone depleting refrigerant, the cooling capacity and efficiency and r12 is very close, they were regarded as longterm alternative to r12. Non ozone depleting and non flammable refrigerant compositions with gwps less than 2,000 ith which replace r404a, r507, hcfc22 and cfc502 in refrigeration systems. For each ods, this page provides the compounds atmospheric lifetime, ozone depletion potential ozone depletion potentiala number that refers to the amount of ozone depletion caused by a substance. All of the refrigerants use r11 as a calibration and thus r11 has an odp of 1. Class i substances listed in the clean air act caa include cfcs, halons, carbon tetrachloride, and methyl chloroform. Oct 25, 2018 firstand secondgeneration refrigerants were composed of natural refrigerants and hydrocarbons hcs, both of which do not impact the environment, have low gwp, and zero ozone depletion potential. Hydrocarbon refrigerants have zero ozone depletion potential and have a very low global warming potential. Refrigerants and their application presented by thomas e. Enhanced refrigerant management and leednc v4 ea credit 6 john m.
Which type of refrigerant has the highest ozone depletion potential. To put it in perspective, while the average car emits 5 tons of carbon dioxide per year, a co2charged refrigerator or vending machine would. The invention discloses a preparation method of halogen free flameretardant rigid polyurethane foam with zero ozone depletion potential odp. Chlorodifluoromethane r22, for example, has an odp of 0. Common refrigerants and environmental safety thermal systems.
Refrigerant product information opteon xp10 r5a is a non ozone depleting, low. The ozone depletion potential odp of a chemical compound is the relative amount of degradation to the ozone layer it can cause, with trichlorofluoromethane r11 or cfc11 being fixed at an odp of 1. Ozone depletion potential is measured relative to cfc11 and it represents the amount of ozone destroyed by emission of a vapor over its entire atmospheric. Odp is ozone depletion potential of with re ference to cfc r11 as 1. Types of refrigerants and their environmental impact. It thus serves as a model for international environmental restoration efforts, showing how effective an international agreement. The treatment by leed of the environmental impact of hvac. Zero ozone depletion potential replacement for r22. Ozone depletion potential refers to the amount of ozone depletion a substance can cause compared to a similar amount of cfc11, the first widely used refrigerant. The worst offender was r11 and it was the benchmark for odp with a rating of 1. After a series of rigorous meetings and negotiations, the. They have a very low or zero global warming potential and zero ozone depletion potential. Refrigerants having nonzero odp have either already been phasedout e. The first generation of refrigerants included substances such as hydrocarbons, ammonia, and carbon dioxide.
Pdf ozone depletion potential of different refrigerants. The low ozone depletion potential of r22 compared to cfc11 chlorofluorocarbon 11 and cfc12 and its excellent refrigerant properties have helped facilitate the transition away from cfcs. The antarctic ozone hole is a dramatic demonstration of the environmental impact caused by emissions of cfcs, hcfcs and other ozone depleting substances ods that release chlorine and bromine as they break down in the stratosphere. In most cases no timeconsuming circuit rinsing is required. The odp of chemicals is the measure of how much it causes the ozone layer to degrade as compared to trichlorofluoromethane cfc11, which has a baseline odp of 1. Introduction under the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer, article 7 of the protocol requires all parties, both developing countries also called article 5 countries and developed countries. A complete analysis of the relative harms of ozone depletion and global warming is beyond the scope of this report, because the full implications of both anthropogenic effects are not known. Ozone depletion potential odp there are also some chemical compounds, which include refrigerants, that contribute to the depletion of the ozone layer.
The properties like odp, gwp and flamm ability for different refrigerants have been shown in table 1. Products that normally contain ozone depleting substances should be replaced with functionally similar products that contain nonozone depleting substances. Fellow ashrae mcquay international staunton, virginia usa 1 what is a refrigerant. Hfcs such as r4a used in positive pressure centrifugal chillers have no ozone depletion potential odp.
Refrigerants containing chlorine or bromine contribute to the breakdown of the ozone layer see figure 5. Ozone depletion potentials odps were a very important measure in the formulation of the montreal protocol and its amendments. Review and quiz terms and acronyms used in this training material class i substance ozone depleting chemical with an ozone depletion potential greater than 0. Natural and synthetic refrigerants, global warming. Types of refrigerants and their environmental impact gineersnow. Cfcs class ii substance ozone depleting chemical with an ozone depletion potential. Global warming potential gwp is a measure of how much a given mass of a gas contributes to global warming. Widely used refrigerant blend, foam blowing agent, fire suppressant, and.
Refrigerant gases containing chlorine or bromine have a high ozone depletion potential odp and damage the planets ozone layer. George wypych, in handbook of solvents third edition, 2019. Epa later added hbfcs and methyl bromide to the list by regulation. According to the montreal protocol, the odp of refrigerants should be zero, i. The likelihood that a particular chemical would break down ozone in the stratosphere was designated by an odp ozone depletion potential number. The absolute highest gwp on hydrocarbon refrigerants that i could find was twentyfive.
Ozone depletion and global warming potential of thermal. These and several other gases also have a high global warming potential gwp and contribute disproportionately to the continuing increase in global warming. Odp is the ratio of ability of a substance to degrade ozone, to that of chlorofluorocarbon11 cfc11, which therefore, has a value of 1. Impact of refrigerants r1234yf, r455a, r454c on the. Odp defined the odp, or ozone depletion potential, is the potential for a single molecule of the refrigerant to destroy the ozone layer. In some categories of the leed rating system, minimum energy performance and fundamental refrigerant management are included as a prerequisites, the intent is to establish a minimum level of energy efficiency for the building system and reduce ozone depletion potential, gwp, and support early compliance with epa montreal protocol. The primary disadvantage of r407c is the large temperature glide due to the blend of the specific refrigerants. Compared to halogenated refrigerants, hydrocarbons like isobutane r600a and propane r290 offer several advantages.
Cfc11 and cfc12 with the longest atmospheric lifetime and highest ozone depletion potential were phased out first, followed by the hydrochlorofluorocarbons. Ozone depletion consists of two related events observed since the late 1970s. They also have good energy efficiency, but are flammable and can form an explosive mixture with air if a leak occurs. Amount of damage to the ozone layer a given chemical can cause compared to trichlorofluoromethane, which is given a value of 1. The preparation method is characterized in that polymer polyol, foam stabilizer, catalyst, powder foaming agent and flame retardant are stirred electrically to be prepared into a component a, and isocyanate is taken as a component b. Refrigerants are regulated as hazardous materials by the us epa and carb, due to their ozone depleting ability and powerful greenhouse gas potential. Natural refrigerants are the naturally occurring substances co 2, ammonia, water. The green globes rating system accounts for ozone depletion, global warming and leak detection. Because of their ozone depletion characteristics, cfcs have been phased out and hcfcs are in the process of being phased out. May 28, 2018 refrigerating effect per pound for r12 is comparatively low as compared to other refrigerants. By following the criteria in the rating systems, the selected refrigerants can help the project achieve points toward green building status. Refrigerant types, issues, trends and future options. The ozone depletion potential odp of a refrigerant represents its effect on atmospheric ozone, and the reference point usually adopted is odp 1 for the cfc r11.
883 1525 661 512 677 639 124 579 1137 810 1102 138 337 94 452 148 396 1460 577 480 559 563 1313 1142 1197 7 1341 469 403 1116 1552 885 463 579 1500 271 1295 1061 553 1081 386 1144 969 842 1401 295 165 55