The october revolution of 2019 and the iran us conflict iraq is home to thousands of us troops and is also home to powerful iranianbacked militias. Iraniraq war students britannica kids homework help. The chilling display is seen as a clear warning the islamic. Despite the two countries tumultuous history and the fact that iraq still owes kuwait compensation from the 19901991 gulf war, current iraqikuwaiti relations are on the mend. Eight years of fighting left more than one million people dead and caused huge disasters for both sides, thereby grimly blistering ties between tehran and baghdad. The iraqi democracy and civil rights campaigner says the iraniraq war is one of the single largest unappreciated great events of modern middle eastern history. The iranian revolution in 1979 would drastically changed iran iraq relations for 24 years. The fear is that iraq could become the battleground of a war between the united states and iran. In august 1990, while iraq was preoccupied with its invasion of kuwait, iraq and iran restored diplomatic relations, and iraq agreed to iranian terms for the settlement of the war. The iran iraq war is one of the largest, yet least documented conflicts in the history of the middle east.
Opinion the day after war begins in iran the new york. The only content we will consider removing is spam, slanderous attacks on other members, or extremely offensive content eg. The two countries at war with such similar names are iran and iraq. From march 1974 to march 1975, iran and iraq fought border wars over irans support of iraqi kurds. The iraniraq war was one of the largest and longest conventional interstate wars since the korean war ended in 1953. Pierre razouxs the iraniraq war is an interesting account of one of the largest conventional military conflicts of the past halfcentury, and one that is little understood. Graeme wood is a visiting fellow at the council on foreign relations. List of books and articles about iraniraq war online. Nov 03, 2015 from 1980 to 1988 iran and iraq fought the longest conventional war of the century. Iraniraq war, 198088, protracted military conflict between iran and iraq. Air forces federally funded research and development center for studies and analyses. Urgings and pressures have not produced a substantial shift in washingtons policy, but a crack was nonetheless forged.
Estimates of total casualties range from 1,000,000 to twice that number. It included tragic slaughter of child soldiers, use of chemical weapons, striking of civilian shipping, and destruction of cities. The iraqkuwait war, which the united states entered, later was called the persian gulf war or the gulf war the war began when iraq invaded iran on 22 september 1980, after a long history of border. Back then, to my mind, the word iraq evoked a place. The war did not result in territorial changes, and killed over 1 million people on both sides of the border. The iraqiran war 1980 1988 on 22 september 1980, iraqi troops invaded iran, starting a war that would last for eight years. Iraq relations, ties now further tested by recent pentagon airstrikes that targeted an iran backed militia but reportedly killed iraqi soldiers, police and a. We will not remove any content for bad language alone, or for being critical of a book.
The role of the united states and soviet union was very important, dating back to the cold war. I already have read many, many books about the 20th century, but i can never find anything about the iran iraq war, despite it having a major impact on both countries and regional politics. Trump administration hits iran with fresh sanctions after. Lets have a look at the five books you have chosen about iraq. Iran relations stand after airstrikes and embassy security breach nprs mary louise kelly speaks with ariane tabatabai, an iran expert at the rand corporation, about how this weeks.
However, after the revolution, the new government of ayatollah khomeini, froze relations with israel and was openly hostile towards it. Pierre razoux shows why this war remains central to understanding middle eastern geopolitics, from the deeprooted distrust between sunni and shia muslims, to irans obsession with nuclear power, to the. The iraniraq war was a war between the armed forces of iraq and iran lasting from september 1980 to august 1988. Paf provides the air force with independent analyses of policy alternatives affecting the development. The war between iraq and iran initiated by iraq dictator saddam hussein in september 1980 provided no gains or benefits to either country, at the end of the war in july of 1988 after 8 long years. Iran, us heat up war of words on iraq despite virus pandemic. Iran pinpointed 35 key us targets as it unfurled a red flag of revenge after its top general was assassinated in a us drone strike. The iraniraq war is also noted for iraqs use of chemical weapons and biological weapons against iranian troops and civilians.
Top 10 books about the iraq war books the guardian. It was a lot less confusing when iran was known as persia and the region of presentday iraq was called mesopotamia. Becoming enemies brings the unique methods of critical oral history, developed to study flashpoints from the cold war such as the cuban missile crisis, to understand u. After the 1953 coup detat, which reinstalled prowestern mohammad reza pahlavi to power, relations between the two countries significantly improved. Reagan administration support to baghdad during the iraniraq war, 19801988. The iraniraq war was one of the longest, bloodiest, and costliest third world armed conflicts in the twentieth century. It was commonly called the persian gulf war until iraq invaded kuwait in 1990.
Iran relations stand after airstrikes and embassy security breach nprs mary louise kelly speaks with ariane tabatabai, an iran expert. Nov 03, 2015 the iraniraq war offers an unflinching look at a conflict seared into the regions collective memory but little understood in the west. The iraqkuwait conflict, which was known as the second persian gulf war, eventually became known simply as the persian gulf war. The iraniraq war offers an unflinching look at a conflict seared into the regions collective memory but little understood in the west. Sep 12, 20 the iran iraq war, by pierre razoux, is a very well written account of the iran iraq war, which began in 1980 with the iraqi invasion of iran, and ended in 1989.
In 1953, the us encouraged a coup detat against mohammad mosaddegh, who was the prime minister of iran. Great reportingjournalism weaved together with history of the region. Under saddam hussein, relations were manageable, especially after the iraniraq war began in 1980. Drawing from an extensive cache of captured iraqi government records, this book is the first comprehensive military and strategic account of the war through the lens of the iraqi regime and its senior military commanders. Dec 19, 2019 reagan administration support to baghdad during the iraniraq war, 19801988. Coronavirus outbreak gives iran a narrow window of. The best books on the history of iraq recommended by kanan makiya. Much has been written about the iraniraq war, desert storm, and iraqs weapons. The iran iraq war began on 22 september 1980, when iraq invaded iran, and it ended on 20 august 1988, when iran accepted the unbrokered ceasefire. The khobar towers bombing, attributed to iran by u. Iran iraq relations before the war the shah believed that the soviet union and iraq were the primary threats to iran. Jan 04, 2020 iran pinpointed 35 key us targets as it unfurled a red flag of revenge after its top general was assassinated in a us drone strike.
List of books and articles about iraniraq war online research. At a time when the us seems to be engaging iran in a proxy war on iraqi soil, husseins. Jan 03, 2016 the books on the iran iraq war have been neither voluminous nor satisfying, in part because iran and iraq have remained relatively closed to scholars, and no researcher has enjoyed total liberty. If you like history though youll probably enjoy reading the rest of it. The strike that killed irans top general was so secret. The iraq war was launched against the backdrop of the 911 trauma, while the iran confrontation is. His book is better than the other recently published work on the subject by williamson murray and kevin woods, which is thin and hastilywritten. Paris, has made use of archival material available after the fall of hussein. Jul 20, 2019 boris johnson will be tested by a major international crisis in his first days as prime minister, senior military figures and politicians have warned, after iran seized a britishflagged tanker in. The iraniraq war was originally referred to as the persian gulf war until the persian gulf war of 1990 and 1991, after which it was known as the first persian gulf war.
Iran vows revenge as it unfurls red flag of war after america. The iraniraq war, continued a new book reveals surprising economic subterfuge behind a bloody conflict that still shapes the region by paul wells. American oil diplomacy in the persian gulf and the caspian sea gawdat bahgat isbn10. The trump administration hit iran with more sanctions friday in the first concrete response to the attacks on u. During the second half of the iraniraq war, the reagan administration pursued several sanction bills against iran. Your first is the occupation of iraq, an insiders account of the iraqi government following the american invasion ali a allawi combines the rigour of an historian with the knowledge of a senior politician in one of the first governments in iraq after the overthrow of saddam hussein. May 22, 20 looking back a quarter century after the war in 1988 is revealing and sobering. And by many metrics it was the worst and most brutal war since wwii, with the congo clashes in the running too.
But irans leaders always reminded their people that syria, the lone arab country that sided with iran during the eightyear iraniraq war, could not be abandoned, that without it, iran would be. In particular, the middle east and africas involvement are very interesting to me. Israels role in the iraniraq war refers to support provided by israel to iran during the iraniraq war from 1980 to 1988. The middle east after the iraq war rand project air force rand project air force paf, a division of the rand corporation, is the u. The best books on the history of iraq five books expert. During the war, israel was one of the main suppliers of military equipment to iran. Jan 10, 2020 the trump administration hit iran with more sanctions friday in the first concrete response to the attacks on u. Iraniraq war iraniraq war, 198088, protracted military conflict between iran and iraq. Iraniraq relations refers to the diplomatic and foreign relations between the two sovereign. Relations with iran had grown increasingly strained after the shah was overthrown in 1979. Fighting was ended by a 1988 ceasefire, though the resumption of normal diplomatic relations and the withdrawal of troops did not take place until 1990. After eight years of warfare, much of it like the trenches of world war i, the armies ended in virtually the. The first gulf war the iraniraq war iraqs international relations. Iraq had by treaty signed over to iran partial control of the waterway, but after the fall.
An iranian volunteer child on the front line of the iraniraq war, which started in 1980 after iraq invaded iran and ended in 1988. The war also followed a long history of border disputes, and iraq planned to annex the oilrich khuzestan province and the east bank of the shatt alarab. As i also explore in a forthcoming book on iraqs history, iran supported an ongoing. Boris johnson will be tested by a major international crisis in his first days as prime minister, senior military figures and politicians have warned, after iran seized a britishflagged tanker in. The strike that killed irans top general was so secret even. How iraqs relationship with iran shifted after the fall of saddam. The october revolution of 2019 and the iranus conflict. Because its more like a few books in one, you can skip to whatever section you want, so you can go straight to iraniraq. Iraniraq war 198088, prolonged military conflict between iran and iraq.
Iraq wanted to replace iran as the dominant persian gulf state, and was worried the 1979 iranian revolution would lead iraqs shiite majority to rebel against the baathist government. How the iraniraq war shaped the trajectories of figures like qassem. Iraq and iran after the gulf wars and millions of other. Iraniraq war simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The iraniraq war, by pierre razoux the new york times. Iran vows revenge as it unfurls red flag of war after. The october revolution of 2019 and the iranus conflict iraq is home to thousands of us troops and is also home to powerful iranianbacked militias.
After the war iran was isolated from the rest of the world both economically and politically. Jan 06, 2020 but irans leaders always reminded their people that syria, the lone arab country that sided with iran during the eightyear iraniraq war, could not be abandoned, that without it, iran would be. Developments in postsaddam iraq will not only affect its foreign relations, they will. Not only is the shadow war between iran and the united states going to go on, much of it will play out in iraq. Arab neighbors in the middle east had backed iraq against iran causing poor relations to turn worse. Before the iranian revolution in 1979, iran under the shah mohammad reza pahlavi was an ally and major buyer of israeli weapons. America accomplished its immediate goals in the first war. The lebanon hostage crisis that led to the infamous armsforhostages deals with iran, 19841986. During the war each side strategically mixed religion and politics to garner internal allegiance and external support. Looking back a quarter century after the war in 1988 is revealing and sobering. Iraq relations, ties now further tested by recent pentagon airstrikes that targeted an iranbacked militia but reportedly killed iraqi soldiers, police and a.
The us imposed a series of sanctions on iran right after the islamic revolution and helped other arab nations to attack iran and the most notorious war was the iran, iraq war 19801988 for eight. Iraniraq relations before the war the shah believed that the soviet union and iraq were the primary threats to iran. These manageable relations were soon quelled at the gulf war, when saddams iraq invaded kuwait, leading to international sanctions on iraq and a significant deterioration in iraqisaudi. The books on the iraniraq war have been neither voluminous nor satisfying. Throughout history religion has effectively served as an instrument or even a weapon of war. But iran s leaders always reminded their people that syria, the lone arab country that sided with iran during the eightyear iraniraq war, could not be abandoned, that without it, iran would be. American foreign policy, intelligence, and the iraniraq. The iraniraq war is one of the largest, yet least documented conflicts in the history of the middle east. As a general rule we do not censor any content on the site. Israel also provided military instructors during the war and direct support to irans war effort, when it bombed and destroyed iraqs osirak nuclear reactor, during operation opera.
In the aftermath of the islamic revolution in iran in 1979, saddam hussein launched an invasion of iran over border disputes. The day after war begins in iran the new york times. This books explores the complicated political and religious reasons behind the war, giving insight into some of the conflicts that currently impact the middle east. What was the resolution of the iraniraq war answers. Despite severe tensions through the years, since the end of the iraniraq war in. These manageable relations were soon quelled at the gulf war, when saddams iraq invaded kuwait, leading to international sanctions on iraq and a significant deterioration in iraqisaudi relations. The first gulf war, better known as the iraqiran war the imposed war, as the iranian authorities came to call it was one of the longest and most atrocious interstate conflicts since the end of world war ii. Iraqsaudi relations are the relations between the republic of iraq and the kingdom of saudi arabia. This strategy was also used during the iraniraq war. The books on the iraniraq war have been neither voluminous nor satisfying, in part because iran and iraq have remained relatively closed to scholars, and no.
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