Hydrocarbons and fractional distillation flashcards in. Fractional distillation gcse chemistry will we continue to learn about organic chemistry after crude oil has finished. I was wondering whether distillation of crude oil always yields the same ratios of fuel or if that ratio can be influenced. Fractional distillation separates a mixture into a number of different parts, called fractions a tall fractionating column is fitted above the mixture, with. How does fractional distillation of crude oil work. Learn chemistry crude oil with free interactive flashcards. Crude oils vary in color, from clear to tarblack, and in viscosity, from water to almost solid.
Deliberate thought by kevin macleod is licensed under a. The fractional distillation of crude oil resource rsc. It is designed to be used with my gcse chemistry lesson on separation methods, which is. Fractional distillation of crude oil oil and cracking. The very longest alkanes have the strongest intermolecular forces and so dont boil, but exit the column at the bottom. A simple statement ordering task to describe the formation of crude. You should use the words evaporated and condensed in your answer. As the gases go up the column the temperature decreases.
Crude oil is a finite resource because it forms extremely slowly over millions of years and cannot quickly be replaced. In the fractional distillation of crude oil, where is the hottest part of the fractionating column. These videos are designed to help you with your gcse science revision. A fractionating column is a column that is divided into groups by steel trays. Then the heavier residue settles to the bottom where it is used for tar and asphalt. Use the diagram to help you to explain how crude oil is separated into fractions.
Petrol and other fuels are produced from it using fractional distillation. The first step is the crude oil is heated until it boils. Includes lessons on, crude oil, fractional distillation, burning fuels, cleaner fuels, alternative fuels, biodiesel and hydrogen fuel. The first stages in the processing of crude oil are described below.
Gcse science chemistry 91 fractional distillation of. Crude oil is the untouched oil as it comes out of the ground. Nov, 2017 in this video, we look at how the hydrocarbons in crude oil are separated by fractional distillation. This video explains how fractional distillation works. Separating crude oil gcse chemistry single science revision. Most of the crude oil is vaporised turned into a gas. I know very little about chemistry and just randomly picked numbers here. Designed by expert teachers for the edexcel gcse 91 chemistry syllabus. Chemistry gcse 5 fractional distillation and crude oil. Revision notes on the fractional distillation of crude oil, uses of oil fractions related to size of molecule and intermolecular bonding forces, help when revising for aqa gcse 91 chemistry, edexcel gcse 91 chemistry, ocr gcse 91 gateway science, ocr gcse 91 21st century science gcse 91 chemistry practice examination questions. When crude oil reaches the refinery it is a thick black, smelly liquid. Deliberate thought by kevin macleod is licensed under a creative commons attribution licence.
The fractional distillation of oil and the uses of the fractions. This is the fourth of six quizzes on that topic and it looks specifically at some of the many different uses of crude oil, other than as a source of fuel. Fractional distillation of crude oil refining uses of fractions, methane. The larger the hydrocarbon molecule the longer its carbonchain length, the higher its boiling point. Crude oil is used to produce many useful materials.
In this video, we look at how the hydrocarbons in crude oil are separated by fractional distillation. It is a full lesson including starter, consolidation activities including a card sort, well laid out presentation to guide through the lesson and. Uses of fractional distillation chemistry libretexts. To find out the products formed when hydrocarbons burn, the apparatus below is used. Free support resources for chemistry for you 5th edition. Their uses, boiling points and the number of carbon atoms. Tarsia puzzle on crude oil including fractional distillation, uses of fractions, cracking etc 30 diagrams keywords to match up 24 cards per set. Fractional distillation is used in oil refineries figure 5. The industrial process of fractional distillation separates crude oil into fractions, some of these fractions can be used for fuels and plastics. This pack contains a pdf afl workbook focusing on the fuels and earth science topic including. Describe how crude oil is separated by fractional distillation. The teacher will be able to quickly assess students understanding of fractional distillation of crude oil by carrying our mini afl tasks either on mini white boards or in students books. As schools are unlikely to have sufficient kit or the desire for under16s to handle quickfit glassware, demonstrate distillation using a liebig condenser instead pdf. Crude oil contains a mixture of different hydrocarbon compounds that boil at different temperatures.
Fractional distillation flashcards in gcse chemistry. Nov 01, 2017 the crude oil then goes to a fractionating column. At the refinery these are separated into fractions which are more useful. Fractional distillation of crude oil gcse secondary. It is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, containing mainly alkanes. In a fractional distillation chamber, the crude oil is heated and cooled to different temperatures. Fractional distillation of crude oil the student room. Fractional distillation lesson, need to order demo equipment as well for fractional distillation of crude oil substitute starter. A petrol, diesel oil, kerosene, heavy fuel oil, liquefied petroleum gases lighter fuel, bitumen 3 marks q10. The carbon atoms in these molecules are joined together in chains and rings. The hydrocarbons rise up the tower hot at bottom, cool at top. Crude oil and hydrocarbons crude oil, hydrocarbons and. Complete the general formula for the compounds found in crude oil.
The crude oil is heated to 450 0 c and then pumped into the bottom of a fractionating column. This video explains how crude oil is separated into different fractions using fractional distillation. Crude oil continues to play a crucial role in our lives, and this unit illustrates some of the key properties and uses of its highly important and essentialtolife components. This lesson was originally designed for the aqa gcse 91 chemistry specification but is easily transferable to other specifications including ks3 as a challenge lesson and ks5 as a recap lesson. Before watching this video you should watch our video explaining how crude oil is separated into its. Fractional distillation in the lab the principle of fractional distillation can be demonstrated in the laboratory. The many hydrocarbons in crude oil may be separated into fractions, each of which contains molecules of a similar size, by evaporating the oil and allowing it to condense at a number of different temperatures. Cracking is used to convert long alkanes into shorter, more useful hydrocarbons.
These revision notes should prove useful for the aqa gcse chemistry, edexcel. Fractional distillation of crude oil fractional distillation gcse. Useful products from crude oil crude oil is a fossil fuel, formed from the decay of sea creatures over millions of years. D 1 this is how the distillation process in the fractionator works. Play this quiz called chemistry gcse 5 fractional distillation and crude oil and show off your skills. Therefore, distillation is a feasible separation technique. In the unit introduction to crude oil, we saw how we can find sources of crude oil. These videos are designed to help you with your gcse. The fractions are separated by boiling point through a process called fractional distillation. Uses of fractional distillation fractional distillation is used for both oil refining and purification of reagents and products. Compared to the old design horizontal type fractional distillation of crude oil machine, our new design fractional distillation of crude oil machine adopts vertical design with conduction oil heating method. Nov 23, 2015 in this gcse organic chemistry revision video, hazel discusses fractional distillation and provides a background into crude oil. Each topic is designed for teaching over roughly 12 lessons.
Dec 27, 2017 a double lesson series of lessons looking at how crude oil is formed, fractional distillation of crude oil and how to draw interpret the formula of alkanes. Learn about the process of oil distillation in order to create fuels and plastics with bbc bitesize gcse chemistry. The shorter chain hydrocarbons will boil at a lower temperature than the longer chain hydrocarbons, allowing the crude oil to be separated into fractions depending on the temperature inside the chamber. Crude oil cannot be used directly but it is the source of many useful products. Crude oil is a mixture of a very large number of compounds. F the condensed liquid flows out of the fractionator through a pipe from the tray. Crude oil is a major topic in gcse chemistry and students will spend a good deal of time looking at it in year 10 and year 11. In this unit we will see what happens to the oil in the first process at the refinery. What can be separated into different fractions by fractional distillation. In this video, we look at how the hydrocarbons in crude oil are. Gcse crude oil revise the compounds extracted from it. Give three examples of fuels which are produced from crude oil that are used in our society.
Gcse chemistry what is the fractional distillation of. Choose from 500 different sets of chemistry crude oil flashcards on quizlet. The fractional distillation of crude oil is shown in the picture below. G highpressure steam is used to heat the crude oil to a high temperature. This cloze text activity can be used as an independent learning tool to help students summarise the processes of simple distillation of sea water and fractional distillation of a mixture of ethanol and water. Fractional distillation of crude oil refining uses of fractions, methane, fuel gas, lpg, gasoline, petrol, diesel oil, gas oil, naphtha, paraffin, kerosine, bitumen, lubricating oil, waxes gcse chemistry revision notes igcse revising ks4 science 2015. Hot crude oil over 300 o c is pumped in at the bottom. Production of refinery gas, light gasoline, naphtha, kerosene, gas oil and residue fractions. Crude oil petroleum is composed of mostly hydrocarbons alkanes and aromatics, and is a tremendous mixture of compounds consisting of between 5 and 40 carbon atoms. Resources chemistry gcse aqa unit 8 crude oil and fuels. To better understand fractional distillation of crude oil, lets first examine a simple distillation process. Perfect for science students who want to focus on the aspects of chemistry that go beyond what is covered in material that deals with organic chemistry quizzer laminated study guide barcharts publishing inc makers of quickstudy this study guide contains basic chemistry analysis and concepts designed specifically to aid science students.
Fractional distillation flashcards in igcse chemistry. Gcse chemistry what are the names of the fractions of. What is the fractional distillation of crude oil the fractional distillation of crude oil is shown in the picture below crude oil is heated until it boils and then the hydrocarbon gases are entered into the bottom of the fractionating column. The chemistry of oil california state university, northridge. Gcse science chemistry 91 fractional distillation of crude oil. This is done by a process called fractional distillation. Fractional distillation, also referred to as fractionation, can be thought of as multiple separate distillations occurring within a single system. Crude oil, alkanes and fractional distillation gcse. Fractional distillation of crude oil cracking chemistry petroleum. This practical chemistry resource was developed by the nuffield foundation. Key words crude oil compound mixture distillation hydrocarbons saturated alkanes covalent bond evaporating condense fractional distillation fractionating column particulates combustion soot biofuels 3. What is the name given to the molecules that are found in crude oil.
Petrol and other fuels are produced from it using fractional distillation and cracking. Crude oil can be converted into many useful things. Jul 28, 2014 to better understand fractional distillation of crude oil, lets first examine a simple distillation process. How does fractional distillation use heat to perform its purpose. Fractional distillation of crude oil refining uses of. Quiz on alkanes reminder of changes of state worksheet both higher and foundation label distillation equipment why must we separate crude oil. Pdf distillation process of crude oil researchgate. A fraction of crude oil is a mixture of chemicals in the crude oil that have similar boiling points.
Fractional distillation flashcards in gcse science. This is a quiz called chemistry gcse 5 fractional distillation and crude oil and was created by member mrs lusty. In order to make it useful for a wide range of purposes, it undergoes fractional distillation where the different lengths of alkanes are separated. Fractional distillation of synthetic crude oil with a fractionating column could also be shown as part of a general discussion about different methods for achieving similar. E most of the fractions in the crude oil evaporate. The fractional distillation of crude oil resource rsc education. Once the crude oil has been extracted from the ground, it is transported to an oil refinery by pipeline or by giant oil tankers.
Gcse chemistry what are the names of the fractions of crude. Liquids boil liquidgas at their boiling point and start to condense gasliquid back to liquid just below this temperature. Home gcse study tools chemistry chemistry crude oil chemistry crude oil covers crude oil, fractional distillation, alkanes, alkenes, densiry, monomer, polymers and nanotechnology. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
Large amounts of oil and gas may collect in a porous rock. May 15, 2014 these lesson plans and worksheets are for aqac14 crude oil and fuels. Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons hydrocarbons are compounds that contain hydrogen and carbon atoms only. The many hydrocarbons in crude oil may be separated into fractions, each of which contains molecules of a similar size, by evaporating the oil and allowing it to condense at a number of different temperatures this process is called fractional distillation this video explains how fractional distillation works. Gcse chemistry what is the fractional distillation of crude.
The pressure on the oil may build up so much that when a hole is drilled through the rock cap, oil gushes out. Fractional distillation involves the higher boiled fractions collect near the bottom of the column while the lower boiling temps rise to the top of the fraction tray. Chemistry other uses of crude oil aqa one of the major topics in gcse science is crude oil and other sources of fuel. Combustion products may cause environmental and health problems. Fractional distillation of crude oil teaching resources. This experiment simulates the industrial fractional distillation of crude oil in the laboratory. Crude oil is heated until it boils and then the hydrocarbon gases are entered into the bottom of the fractionating column. Cracking is used to convert long alkanes into shorter, more. H the crude oil vapour enters the fractionator and rises up the column. Sheet p214 distilling crude oil in the lab help sheet p216 fractional distillation of crude oil key. Its a natural resource used extensively by humans but, before we can use them, we must extract compounds like alkanes from it. Fractional distillation separates a mixture into a number of different parts, called fractions. When preparing to perform a vacuum distillation, use a pressuretemperature nomograph to determine what the adjusted boiling point of your compound will be the vacuum will quickly remove air from porous boiling chips, so a magnetic stir bar or gas bubbler is required in flask 1 to keep the rate of boiling under control.
Students will be able to take rich notes on fractional distillation of crude oil, building on their ks4 knowledge on this topic. Chemical bonding, application of chemical reactions and organic chemistry. New aqa 2016 gcse chemistry organic lesson 2 combined. The crude oil is evaporated and its vapours condense at different temperatures in the fractionating column. In the ball and stick models of simple hydrocarbons below, carbon atoms are black and hydrogen atoms are white. Fractional distillation of crude oil poster a3 fractional. Hydrocarbons from oil a2levellevelrevision, chemistry.
In this gcse organic chemistry revision video, hazel discusses fractional distillation and provides a background into crude oil. Most of the compounds in crude oil consist of molecules made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms only, we call these type of compounds hydrocarbons. Fractional distillation of crude oil animated science. Fractional distillation of crude oil free download as word doc. The temperature decreases the further up the column you go. Written by teachers for the edexcel igcse chemistry course. The many hydrocarbons in crude oil may be separated into fractions, each of which contains molecules with a similar number of carbon atoms, by fractional distillation. Fractional distillation an overview sciencedirect topics.
Also included is a revision lesson and end of unit test. It is formed from the remains of plants and animals which died millions of years ago. Fractional distillation organic chemistry gcse chemistry. The distillation process of crude oil is the main concern of this paper. Hydrocarbons rise up tower until they reach their condensation point when cool enough. Can someone explain fractional distillation of crude oil please why is crude oil considered a fossil fuel when it isnt used as a. Products from crude oil crude oil is described as a fossil fuel but it is much more important than that as many plastics have crude oil as a raw material. Each fraction contains hydrocarbon molecules with a similar number of carbon atoms and a similar range of boiling points. Separating crude oil crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes. Targeted towards aqa c1 topic 4 but suitable for edexcel and other exam boards too. Fractional distillation of crude oil crude oil is a mixture of many thousands of different compounds with different properties. Here, we reported the ideas of different processes of distillations and their steps.
Fractional distillation organic chemistry, organic. The hydrocarbons in crude oil are separated using fractional distillation due to their different boiling points. Compounds that contain only elements of carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons and constitute the largest group of organic compounds found in petroleum. Chemistry other uses of crude oil aqa education quizzes. What method could we use to separate crude oil and why. Gcse chemistry products from oil medium demand questions questionsheet 14 some of the products of the distillation of crude oil are used as fuels. Summary video on crude oil, alkanes and fractional distillation for gcse chemistry.
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